Carbureter for internal-combustion motors.



W. GRINBWEZKI.

CARBURBTER PoR INTERNAL coMBUsTmN MoToxs.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 6,1910.

Patented Jun 4, 1912 ymumjs eration WASSILY GBINEWEZKI, 0F MOSCOW, RUSSIA.

CARBURETER FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION MOTORS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J une 4L, 1912.

Original application filed January 28, 1907, Serial No. 354,575. Divided and this application filed July 6,

19170. Serial No. 570,539.

To (ZZZ @v /wm it may concern.'

Be .it known that l', '.tssnn' Ginn nwnam, a subject of the Emperor of Russia, residing at Moscow, Russian Empire, have invented certain new and useful improvements 1n Carbureters for Internal-CombustioirMotors, of which the following is a Ispecification.

My invention relates to governing 'carbureters for internal combustion motors using either liquid or gaseous fuel,-and finds its best application in motors of the type illustrated in my pending application No. 351,575, filed January Q8, 1907, of which this application is a division.

The best. form of apparatus at present known to me embodying my invention is illustrated in the accompanying sheets of drawing in which,

Figure l is a longitudinal section of a carlmrcter for oil engines. Fig. ln is a partial section of the same with the oil feed controlling spindle and air piston and air valve in different positions. Fig. 1b is a cross section online rb of Fig. 1, with the position-of the cross piece u also shown, for greater clearness. Fig is a longitudinal section of a governing carbureter for gas engines. Fig. i2 is a partial longitudinal section showing another position ot the gas feed controlling spindle, air valve and Aair piston, and Fig. .)lis a cross section on line C -D of ltig.

Throughout the drawings like reference letters and numerals indicate like parts.

V represents a portion of f he Vall of the combustion cylinder of air, engine (not sliown,.`

. fr is the casing nor outer shell of the governing carbureter which forms the air cyli inder'of said carburetor. li has a nozzle 10() which extends through an opening in the cylinder wall V, into the combustion cylinder. pipe zleonnects to the upper portion vof the carb'ureter easing v', and connects the air cylinder, formed in said casing, with a pressure chamber indicated atJV (a por tion being broken away in the drawing).

29 is an air piston located in the air cylinder formed by the asing fr and mounted on a hollow spindle or sleeve 101 which surrounds the spindle s of the air valve Z. The seat for this air valve Z is formed in the interior of the nozzle 100, and has agradial groove 10? 'aeipialize the pressuresfexiSt-ing under the air piston p and in the combustioncylinder. This groove 102 is shown in the drawings of somewhat exaggerated size, for clearness. The spindle s ofthe air valve is also hollow and contains a hollow revolving oil feed controlling spindle n, and in this hollow spindle n is a tightly fitting plunger z' secured to a cross pin u which passes through slots 103 formed in the spindles s, and n, and is fixed in the sleeve 101 of the piston y) (see Fig. 1b).

The upper end of spindle n has a laterally projecting lug or ear z which projects through an opening in the hollow spindle s and is connected to a rod y reeiprocated by any suitable mechanism for turning the said spindle n about its axis through a certain angle. @ne or both of the parts 1/ and may be placed at. an angle to the. plane of 'the drawing, and so secure the angular relation necessary to cause an endwise movement of rod 2/ and produce an oscillation of the ear The lower end of spindle n, is provided with twoopenings 101 (see Fig. 1a) and 105 (see Fig. 1). Then spindle n is in one position shown in AFig. l, the opening 104 conmnmicates with a number of line passageways 10G through the face of air valve Z. lVhen the spindle n is in another position shown in Fig. 1.,-the opening 105 co1nmunicates with a channel ruiming lengthwise of the spindle s and extending to a nipple y' in the upper end of the spindle to which any convenient source of oil (not shown) .may be connected. These openings are spaced an angular distance apart of a little less than 1S() degrees so that when the diction plane passes through the opening 105, as in Fig. 1 the opening 104 does not show in that figure of drawing, and when the section'plane passes 'through 101, in Fig. 1, the opening 105 does not show. This slight angular motion, of the spindle 'n is permitted by reasonof the fact that slots 103 are wider than the cross pin-U.. lvhile only one opening 101, and one opening 105 is shown in the drawing. there may be more of them similarly spaced. The openings not in the plane of the drawing cannot well be shown in dotted linesas the parts are on too small a scale and confusion would be produced by an attempt to show more than the one opening through ywhich the section plane passes in each position.

117 is a lever armprelssiiig on the head of paratus is as follows:

spindle s and pivoted at 118 to the standard 119 formed on the casing of the carbureter.

107 is a flange on spindle s which limits its upward motion by striking against the carbureter casing.

The operation of the above described ap- The parts are in the position shown in Fig. 1, while compression is being produced in.the combustion cylinder formed by walls V. A portion of the compressed air in the cylinder passes through slot 102 and, when the pressure is sutlicient to overpower that produced ou top of piston p by the air in pressure reservoir W, lifts piston p gradually. This raises spindle s through frictional4 engagement of hollow spindle 1101 until shoulder 107 strikes the casing of the carbureter and checks further movement ot' spindle s. Further movement of piston p moves pluns ger z' upward relatively to hollow plunger n 1n which it is mounted (the operative connection being formed by cross pin fai-fand plunger z' acts as a piston to suck ina supply of oil through j, ./c, and 105 to the interior of hollow spindle n. Fig. 1a -shows partly raised position of piston p and plunger 2'. Vihen the piston in the combustion chamber reverses its motion and the compression diminishes the pressure abovetho piston 7) predominates and the piston p be gins to descend tending to close the air valve l, butthe closure of the valve is resisted by the pressure of the air being forced under it from the carburetor air cylinder fr back to the combustion cylinder. At the moment of this reversal the spindle n is partially rotated by any convenient governing mechanism connected to rod '1, so thatI the oil inlet to the interiorfot' the spindle n is closed and the discharge opening 10st connccts with the fine perforations 100 through the face of thel air valve Z. This shifting of spindle n is possible because of the width of slots 103 (see Fig. 1h) which permits a rotation of several degrees before the cross pin u checks further movement. The dcscent of the plunger z' lorces jets ot' oil through perforations 106 into the path ot' thecnrrent of air driven out by desccmlillg piston y; and a combustible mixture ot' va.-l

poricd oil and air is thus formed and t'orced into the combustion cylinder. The rate of flow ot the air can be by positively controlling the-area ot the air valve opening, through pressure ot' lever 117 on spindle s.

'l'be lever lli' may be operated lily any simple incclia'nism driven l'roin the engine sbaiit, such as an eccentric and intermediate connections to saidlever. 'l`lnsI will positively rcgulate the. degree ot' oiicuing ot the air valve during tlic expulsion period and b y simple mljnslnient ol" the eccentric and connections sucli opening .-nlay be regulated lower end of 'in all cases to thus positively controlledv to deliver uniform quantities o1' the conibustible mixture for the motor piston. I I

The air valve Z has but a limited opening due to the fact that upward motion of its spindle s limited by flange '107 as above explained. It opened` to its full extent by the friction of the sleeve 101 vof piston p at ithc beginning of the upward stroke'of Said piston, and by the pressure of air on the under face of the valve, and remains wide open during the remainder of the upstroke of piston p. This air pressure is too great to -be overcome by friction of sleeve 101 on the downward stroke of the piston p and as a result the air valve would remainl wide open during the entire descent also of piston p up to the momentvthat the lower end of sleeve 101 struck the shoulder at the spindle s and positively closed thc valve at the lend of the piston down stroke, if no means wcre'provided for regulating thatopening. As it 'is not desirable leave the valve wide open until the downstroke of piston pis practically completed, the lever 117 is provided whichpresscs on the upper end of valve spindle s and, being controlled in the manner above described, this lever may force a positively regulated partial closure ot' the valve during all or a part of the downstroke of piston p. The valve is, of course, held in such regulated position of opening by the constantly exerted upward pressure ot the air on its under face and the downward thrust of lever 117.

Various changes could vbe made in the dotails illustrated without changing the principle of operation. `()tl1er distributing means could be substituted for the oil spind-le n, andlthe relative )ositions of the oil plunger z', loil feed spindle n, and air valve spindle s may be varied. Other means for moving the oil plunger tuted and other spraying mechanism ern-l ployed. Equivalent means for'equalizing pressures could take the place of the groove 102. Other resilient means for forcing down the piston 7 mightlbe substituted for the compressed air in chamber W'. v

A modified form of governing carbureter designed for gas engines is shown in Figs. 2, 2a and 2". The somewhat modified construction is due to the large dimensions ofthe gas cylinder as compared with the very small oil cylinder in the spindle n in Fig. 1. The upper end of the air cylinder'i7 of the carburetcr is connected with the pressure lcllainber iV b y the short pipe t, and the lower end is connected by the nozzle 100 to the .combustion walls V. The hollow air piston p At'ori'ns a. gas cylinder 110 the lower part ot which constantly eonununieates with a lhigh pressure gas container (nolfsliown) bythe chan- 1. might be substi'f';

each unit of travel of lio izo

cylinder formed by nel 721 the hollow sleeve 'u1 and the pipe j'. `The piston p1, connected with the sleeve narates the upper' parts ot' the movable ga.' lylinder 11G-from the lower part. A hollow gas spindle gadapted to turn and serve as gas distributer is inclosed in the spindle s. l The spindle g is in constant communication Witlrtli upper part of the as cylinder 110 by lateral openings 111. Vhen the spindle g is by\nieans of the reciprocating rod y turned intothe closed p0- sition the i'nside of' the spindle communicates by openings 112 with the lower part of the gas cylinder 110 (Fig. 2). In the open position the openings 112l are closed, and the opening 118 of the'spindle g is in' communication with the mixing perforation 114 l of the air valve (Fig. 2a). The ports 111 being wider than ports 112 (as best' shown in Fig. 2a) are never closed, the partial rotation ot the spindle which is sufficient to close ports 112, not being sufficient to close ports 111. Consequently the interior of the spindle ,f/ is always in communication with the annular space N, and the flow of combustible inl and ont of said spindle is dominated by the movements of the compound piston p.v .T he operation is as follows: At the upstroke of the piston p gas is forced `from the chamber 110 into the chamber above the piston p1, the channels 112 being open by reason of the spindle g being in the position otl Fig. 2. On the downstroke of the piston p the channels 112 Aare closed by the spindle y being turned into the position shown in Fig.

2*", andthe gas will be forced from the chamber above the piston p through the hollow spindle g into the combustion cyl- .inder formed by ivalls V, and'at the same time gas will be drawn from the gas eontainer through the channel k1 into the cham ber 110.- The stroke volume or piston dis placement of the gas cylinder of the governing carbureteris, with gas of the lowest heating value, about haltI of the stroke volume or piston displacement of the air cylinder, by reason of the gas being 'cooled in the intermediate cooler. ',lhatis to say,

the effective cross sectional avea of annular.

" With the air cylinder and can be provided .airpiston p land the oil plunger i, being -r1g1dly connected, form a colnpoundpiston.

In the same way in the gas carbureter Shown inFig. 2, thepiston 7) has an upper portion which operates on the ILas in cylinder N and a lower portion which operates' upon the air in M and forms a similar compound piston. In both casesthis compound piston operates to force the air and'combustible in measured quantities to the point of mixture' and thence into the edmbustion cyliiuler.`

IIaVing, therefore, described my invention, I claim:

1. A carbureting device for internal coinbustion engines comprising in combination an air receptacle oi variable volume. and a connection to the engine cylinder through which air compressed therein may be admitted to the air reccptacle'to expand the same, together with means Serving to reduce the volume of the air chamber and at the same time sprayv a fluid con'ibustihle into thtl compressed air as it is expelled troni the air receptacle by its contraction.

2. In a ,carburetor for internal con'ihnstion engines. the con'ibination ot a casing having an opening at one end, an air valve seated in said opening'and having a hollow spindle extending into the casing` a hollow fuel-.containing spindle in said air valve, spindle. having an inlet. connection` and a discharge connection through the air valve, ar piston located in said casing, means for 'forcingsaid piston toward the open cud casing, a'hollow, lucl-coidaining spindle lseated in said air valve spindle, having inletI and out]ct'comicctions, a compound piston located partly in said casing and partly in Vthe fuel coi'itaining spindle, and means for forcing` said of' the casing. I

el. In a. carburetor for internal combustion motors the combination oi an air container terminating in a nozzle havingr a valve seat formed in its interior, and a-hotn low air valve having a conical perforatedV valve face adapted to seat itself in said valve seat, together with mea-ns for introducing a quantity of Huid comlnistible into the interior of said valve and simultane- ,ously expelling the combustible in the valve and he air in the container through the nozzle of the container.

In a oarburetery for internal combustionvrv motors the combination of a casing having an opening at one end adapted to be connected to the combustion chamber` of the piston toward the open end motor, a hollow spindle located andnmo'vable endwise in the casing and having a -valve face adapted to seat ,itself in said opening. said valve face being perforated, means for admitting a quantity of [luid combustible int-o the interior of said spindlc` and expelling the same therefrom through its perforated fare, said iiicans comprising an annular piston in the easing mounted on the hollow spindle land having frictional contacty with said spindle sutlicient toreciprorate saine, and means for forcing said piston toward the open end of the casing.-

(i. In a carbiiretiiig device for internal combustion motors, the .combination of an air container terminating in a nozzle having an internal valve seat, a hollow air valve seated in said nozzle, and perforated for the discharge from itsl interior of a 20.fliiid,combustible, a piston located 'iii said hollow air valve for drawing fluid combustible into,'and forcing it out of, the interior of said hollow airfvalvc, and means for simultaneously forcing said air valve lto- 25 Ward its seat andexpellii'ig the air through said nozzle. y

7. In a carburetiiig device for internal Vcombustion motors, the coii'ibinat-ion with an air container terminating in a nozzle, and a hollow air valve seated in said nozzle and perforated for the discharge from its interior of a fluid combustible` ot' a coinpound p'iston having tivo Working faces. of'

different displacement, volumes, the larger 35 one being located in the air eontaiiierlaiid' the smaller one being located in the hollow air Valve, together with means for forcing said compound piston toward the nozzle.

8. In ai'carb'uret'ing device for internal 40 combustion motors, the combination with an air container terminating iii a nozzle,

and a hollow air valve seated 4in said nozzle and perforated for the discliargy from,its

interior of a fluid conili'i'istihle, of iiieans'for ,45, introducing a quantity of fiiiiid combustible into the interior of said air valve and eX- r peiling the air and ,combustible iiuid through said nozzle, said expelling means comprising a compound pistou having tivo working fa'ces of d i'tiereiit. i isplareinent vol- I umes, thelarger one pressiiiigon the air in t-heair cylinder and the siiliillei one on the combustible fluid, and a fluid pressure resrvoir connected to the air container alioi'e `the piston. y

l 9. A carbiireting device for internal coinliustii'in motors comprising in'eoiiiliinatiom an air container terminating in a nozzle having a valve seat foi-ined iii its interior, a 6c hollow air valve seated in said nozzle and provided with ,spraying oritiees in its l'aic, means for' siiniiltaneoiisly expelling air from the air container past the :iii' valve and through the nozzle and liid coiilihusth ble through the spraying orifices' into the ,65' nozzle, and means foi` positively controlling the position-of said valve relative to its seat.

l0. A carbiire'ting. Adevice for internal combustion motors comprising in combination, an air container terminating in a noz- 7o zle, and a hollow air valve seated in said nozzle and perforated through its face, tegetlier with means for admitting air into tlieair container through the nozzle and .lifting the valve from its seat, and means for forcing said lair out again through the nozzle and simultaneously expelling a tliiid combustible through thespraying orifices into tlic outgoing current of air.`

11. A carbiireter comprising in combination, an air container and nozzle, a perforated aii' valve seated in said nozzle, a hollow spindle connected thereto, a hollow oil spindle sea'tedin said lair valve spindle, bot-h said spindles being provided with slots in their sides, a' plunger in said oil spindle, an air piston in the,air':on taiiierfmoiinted on the air valve spindle, ,and a cross pin extending from the plunger through the slots in oil and air spindles to the air piston. Y

12. In a carbureting device for internal combustion motors, the combination of an air container terminating in a nozzle having an internal Valve seat-,n.hollow air valve seated in said nozzle and perforated for the admission. to and emission from its y interior of a fluid combustible, meansfor` admitting a quantity of fluidcombustible into the interior of said air valve and for v emitting the saine therefrom, and means for forcing said air valve toward its seat and expelling the air from the container through the nozzle" contemporaneousl with the emission of the fluid combusti le from the 165 air valve, said means for admitting and4 emitting the fluid combustible comprising a hollow, perforated spindle fitted in the holloW air valve. n

13. In a carbureting device forfinternalll combustion motors, the combination of an' -J A air container terminating in a nozzle hav. ing an 1-nternal valve seat, aj hollow air 'alvo seated in said nozzle and perforated for the admission to and emission from 11,5.,4

interior of a fluid combustible, means for admitting a quantity of fluid combustible intol the interior of said. air valve 'and for. omitting the same therefrom, and means forv forcing said air valve toward its seat,and expelling the air from the container through the nozzle Icontemporaneoiisly lwith the emission oi' the fluid eoiiil'iiistililc from the air valve, said means for ad'ii'iittiiigand emitting the lliiid coiiihiistilile con'iprising av 125 liol|ew, perl'oi'atef'l spindle lifted in the hollow `air valve, -prov'dcil with radial port openings adapted tii'i-Uister with perfora- 1 ing an internal valve seat, a hollow air valve the engine cylinder, an air said nozzle, the seat therefor seated in said. nozzle and perforated for the admission to and emission 'from its interior of al fluid combustible, means for admit-ting a quantity of fluid combustible into the interior of said air valve and for emitting the same therefrom, and means for forcing said air valve toward its seat and expelling the air from the container through the -nozzle contemporaneously with the emission of the fluid combustible from the air valve, together with mechanism for positively regulating the degree of opening of the air valve during the air expulsion period. v

15. A carbureting device for internal combustion engines comprising in combination an air cylinder terminating in a nozzle adapted to enter an openingr in the wall of valve seated in being provided with a tine radial passageway affording communication between the air cylinder of the carburcter and the engine cylinder rwhen the valve is seated, and a piston in the air cylinder mounted on the air valve spindle and forming a tight working t therewith and normally tendingjto hold the air valve on its seat, together with mechanism for spraying oil into the nozzle.

1G. A carbureting vdevice for internal combustion engines comprising in combination an air container 'terminating in a nozzle adapted to enter an opening in the wall of the engine cylinder; an air valve seated in said nozzle and provided with ,a hollow spindle and inletand discharge ports connectingwith the interior of said splindle, the seattor said air va'lve beingf provided with a tine radial passageway a Ording connection between the air cylinder ofthe carbu-- reter and the engine cylinder when the valve is seated, a piston ih the air cylinder mounted on the valve spindle and forming a tight working it therewith, means for forcing the piston toward the nozzle end of the air cylinder, a hollow cdmbustible-controllingr spindle seated in said air valve spindle and having ports adapted to reglster-'severally with the several air valve ports, and means for partially rotating said inner spindle and thereby severally opening or closing said ports.

17. A carbureting device for internal comf bustion engines comprising in combination an air container terminating in a nozzle adapted to enter an opening in the wall `of the engine cylinder, an air valve seated in several air valve ports,

said nozzle and provided with a hollow spindle and inlet and discharge ports conner-ting lwith the interior ot' said spindle, the seat tor said air valve being provided with a ne radial passageway affording connection, between the air cylinder of the carbureter and the engine cylinder when the valve is seated, a piston in the air cylinder mounted on the valve spindle and forming a tight working fit therewith, means for Jforcing the piston toward the nozzle end of the air cylinder, a hollow combustible-control] ing spindle seated in said air valve spindle and having ports adapted to register severally with the several air valve porls,'and meansA for partially rotating said inner spindle and thereby severally opening or closing said ports, together with means for charging said inner spindle with combustible when the inlet ports register, and for expelling same when the discharge ports register.

bustion engines comprising iu combination an air container" terminating in anozzle adapted to ent-er au opening in the wall of the engine cylinder, an air valve seated in said nozzle and provided with a hollow spindle and inlet and discharge ports connecting with the interior of saidspindlc, the seat for said air valve being provided with a tine' radial passageway' affording connection between the air cylinder of the Icarbureter and the engine cylinder when the valve is seated, apiston in the air cylinder mounted on the valve spindle and forming a tight. working fit therewith, means for forcing the piston toward the nozzle end of the air cylinder, a hollow combnstiblecontrolling spindle seated in said air valve spindle and having lports adapted to register severally with the y and means torpartially rotating saidinner spindle and thereby severally opening or closing said ports, together with means torvcharging said inner spindle with combustible when the inlet ports register, and for expelling same when the discharge ports register, said' charging and expelling means comprising a plunger located in the inner spindle and connected to the combustion chamber of the motor, n piston in said chamber,V a reservoir of compressed air connected to said chamber on the side of the piston opposite to the opening connecting with the'combust-ion chambery, :1nd means for spraying a fluid combustible :rt -said opening operatively connected to the piston.

21. A carbureting device for 'internal combustion engines Comprising in combination an nir receptacle of variable volume; means for alternately increasing and decreasing .buslible into said connection while nir is being expelled from the receptacle by a contraction of its volume.

WASSILY GMNEWEZKI. 

